#Advantage & Disadvantage of Polytechnic Course

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Impact of JAMB Cut Off Marks on Admission Fraud

In recent years, the role of JAMB (Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board) cut-off marks in the Nigerian education system has come under increased scrutiny. These cut-off marks serve as a critical factor in determining a student's eligibility for admission into tertiary institutions. However, the system has not been without its flaws. One of the more troubling concerns is how the manipulation of JAMB cut-off marks has contributed to admission fraud. Understanding this connection is crucial for you as a stakeholder in Nigeria’s educational system.

What Are JAMB Cut Off Marks?

JAMB cut-off marks are the minimum scores required for candidates to gain admission into universities, polytechnics, and colleges of education in Nigeria. These scores vary depending on the institution and course of study. Generally, universities set higher marks than polytechnics or colleges. JAMB, which oversees entrance into these institutions, annually reviews and adjusts the cut-off mark.

JAMB, as an examining body, sets a national cut-off point, but schools have the liberty to adjust these marks upward depending on their admission policies. For instance, a candidate who scores just below the cut-off may still be considered if the institution decides to lower its requirements.

The Link Between JAMB Cut Off Marks and Admission Fraud

Admission fraud in Nigeria often stems from the discrepancy between a candidate's performance and the JAMB cut-off mark. Many students who fail to meet the required score resort to illegal means, such as bribery, manipulation of results, or backdoor admissions, to gain entry into their preferred institutions. This creates a systemic problem that affects the integrity of the admission process.

Manipulation of Results

In some instances, candidates engage in result falsification or pay intermediaries to help boost their scores above the required JAMB cut-off mark. Fraudsters take advantage of the desperation among students, exploiting their desire to pursue higher education at all costs. Such acts undermine the purpose of the cut-off mark, which is intended to be a benchmark for academic merit.

Bribery and Corruption

You may also be aware of cases where candidates bribe admission officers or other gatekeepers to secure admission. This often happens when a student is just a few points shy of the required cut-off. Unfortunately, this not only perpetuates fraud but also compromises the educational standards, as less qualified candidates displace those who rightfully deserve admission based on their scores.

Special Consideration Admissions

Some institutions have been accused of bending the rules by offering "special consideration" to candidates with connections or financial means. While this is not new, the existence of JAMB cut-off marks has made the practice more opaque. Schools might officially adhere to the JAMB criteria, but in practice, they allow unqualified students to bypass these requirements through unofficial channels.

How Lowering JAMB Cut Off Marks Encourages Fraud

Lowering the JAMB cut-off mark is often seen as a way to accommodate more students, particularly in underserved regions or among disadvantaged groups. However, this practice can inadvertently encourage more admission fraud. When the cut-off is too low, the competition shifts from academic merit to who can game the system.

Here’s how that happens:

Increased desperation: As cut-off marks become less stringent, students who barely miss the mark might feel emboldened to engage in fraudulent activities, believing that they were "almost there" and deserve a spot.

Institutional loopholes: Universities and other institutions might exploit the flexibility in cut-off marks by creating additional quotas or unofficial channels for admission, which can be monetized or reserved for those with connections.

The Consequences of Admission Fraud

Admission fraud has far-reaching consequences for the educational sector. It compromises the quality of education, as students who do not meet the academic requirements are admitted at the expense of more qualified candidates. Additionally, it creates a system where meritocracy is replaced by favoritism, eroding trust in institutions.

For you as a potential candidate or concerned parent, this undermines your confidence in the fairness of the system. It also means that graduates entering the workforce might not have the skills or qualifications they should have, which affects the country’s broader economic and social development.

Steps Toward Reform

To combat the issue of admission fraud, there is a need for stricter enforcement of JAMB regulations and higher transparency in the admission process. Universities should also be held accountable for following JAMB's set guidelines and avoiding unnecessary manipulations of the system. As a candidate, you should stay informed about the official JAMB requirements and be wary of offers that seem too good to be true.

In addition, technology can play a vital role in monitoring and verifying results to ensure that they cannot be altered after the fact. Better coordination between JAMB and educational institutions will also help close the gaps that fraudsters exploit.

Conclusion

The impact of JAMB cut-off marks on admission fraud is a reflection of broader systemic issues in Nigeria’s education sector. While JAMB’s role in setting standardized cut-off marks is meant to ensure fairness, loopholes have allowed fraud to thrive. The key to combating this issue lies in a combination of regulatory reform, institutional accountability, and increased awareness among students like you. Staying vigilant and advocating for a more transparent system can help ensure that merit, not manipulation, determines admission outcomes.

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Colleges for international students

International students colleges Colleges for international students, an article that gives useful information for foreign students who want to study in Great Britian, America, Canada and Australia. College days. A degree at a British or American university? It certainly sounds like an interesting possibility. It would be a remarkable linguistic and cultural experience, even if there are one or two drawbacks. First and foremost, going to a foreign university should not be seen as a means of learning English: your English will already need to be excellent, if you area to be accepted for a place. Understanding the system. One of the great advantages of the British and American systems is their relative simplicity. For most degree courses, both the period of study and the date of exams are fixed by the university and not the individual student. The first (or Bachelor's) degree will usually take three years in Britain and four in the United States. In both countries, the post-graduate (Master's) degree is either a one or two year course. The more advanced research doctorate (Ph.D. or "Doctor of Philosophy") has a more flexible timetable, but three to four years is generally considered average. Problems. One of the main problems with a foreign degree is the question of its validity in Italy. Although most countries recognize foreign degrees, Italy does not. Graduates could therefore find themselves at a disadvantage in certain professions. In the case of British degrees, it is hoped that they will become valid in Italy some time after the creation of the single European Federation, but we will, as they say, "believe that when we see it".

Keble College Oxford University As a matter of fact foreign academic qualifications have no legal value in Italy. Therefore - if they are to be used in our country in various fields - it is necessary to ask for their recognition. It involves a different path depending on whether the recognition is intended to confer legal value on the qualification through academic recognition or is intended to allow access to public competitions or specific benefits to be obtained. The United States If you would like to study at an American college, there is a staggering total of 5,000 to choose from. The American definition of "university" is, however, fairly loose. Britain, in comparison, has fewer than 50 universities. It also has a large number of polytechnics, technical colleges and colleges of further education which, in the United States, would classify as "universities." The standards in American universities vary immensely and only a small percentage will be of interest to the foreign student. Nevertheless the beauty of an American college degree is its multi-disciplinary nature. American college students will "major"" in one subject'', but they will follow a number of other courses in their degree programme. In Britain, on the other hand, students will concentrate on one subject. Best U.S. Colleges for International Students. Each year, hundreds of thousands of students from around the world choose to go to school in the United States. In 2019, a record 1,095,299 international students were studying in the USA. International students are roughly 5.5 percent of all students enrolled in American colleges and universities. Most colleges and universities support students from other countries to navigate the admissions process, apply for a student visa, and pay for college. The best universities for international students also offer a thriving global community and opportunities to build relationships and explore on and off campus. 10 best colleges for international students: New York University; Columbia University; Arizona State University; Boston University; Indiana University; Pomona College; Stony Brook University – SUNY; Wichita State University; University of Southern California; Iowa State University.

Brown University USA How to get there. American universities, which are predominantly private institutions, are happy to grant places to fee-paying foreign students. Indeed a certain amount of encouragement is given to potential students by the "Commissione per gli scambi culturali tra ('Italia e gli Stati Uniti" in Rome (Via Castelfidardo 8, tel: 06/4819742). The "Commissione" has a special "servizio documentazione universitaria." This houses a large selection of brochures, which are well worth perusing before you make your choice. Videos are available for viewing on such subjects as "If You Want to Study in the U.S." Information can also be obtained from local U.S.I.S. offices. In order to be accepted, it is necessary to apply to the individual university. Most students will apply to at least six in the hope of being accepted by one or more. Applications should be sent off about nine months before the start of the academic year. Procedures and requirements vary, but in all cases it will be necessary to prove your competence in the English language. The two main language tests for American universities are T.O.E.F.L. (Test of English as a Foreign Language) and Michigan. Both of these can be taken in Italy and the U.S.I.S. offices can tell you how and when. Money. The hardest part about studying at an American university is paying for it. A year at the most expensive institution, Bennington College in Vermont, will cost more than 70,000 dollars altogether. As a matter of fact the annual list price to attend Bennington College on a full time basis for 2020/2021 is $78,764 for all students regardless of their residency. This fee is comprised of $57,350 for tuition, $16,840 room and board, $1,000 for books and supplies and $774 for other fees. Out of state tuition for Bennington College is $57,350, the same as Vermont residents. Another famous college is The Brown University whose tuition rate for the 2020-2021 academic year ranges from $59,254 to $71,312 (see the list of variable tuition rates on the Bursar's website ). Tuition will vary by program, discipline, and the number of courses required for full-time status. At a more typical American college, a year's study (including living expenses) will be somewhere between 40,000 and 50,000 dollars. Some scholarships are available both from the "Commissione" and from the Italian Student Loan Fund. Britain Studying at a British university will cost considerably less. This is because students from E.E.C. countries are now entitled to a study grant which covers all their tuition fees. The bad news is that getting a place at a British university is extremely difficult. Britain's 47 universities are in a state of crisis which, without wishing to sound unduly simplistic, is a consequence of "the Thatcher Revolution."

A British library British universities are public organisations and, as such, their financial support has been severely cut. Furthermore they have been subjected to a series of reforms designed to make them more commercially viable and "functional," on the American model. As a result, Britain's seats of learning are desperate for funds. They are therefore quite happy to offer places to fee-paying foreign students: they are less interested in E.E.C. students, largely because they don't have to pay in hard cash. Britain's rigorous "numero chiuso" is becoming even more rigorous in these troubled times. It is hard enough for British students to get accepted by one of the universities: for non-mother tongue students it is virtually impossible. It is marginally less impossible in certain science subjects, such as physics and engineering, which are under-subscribed. Applying. Still convinced you want to give it a shot? If so, then it is necessary to go through U.C.C.A. (the Universities Central Council on Admissions). This is a computerised system which coordinates all undergraduate university applications. The "U.C.C.A. form" enables" you to apply to five universities, in order of preference. Applications must be received by 15th December of the previous year. In order to choose your five universities (and course of study), you should consult the "U.C.C.A. handbook" at the local British Council library. As far as linguistic competence is concerned, the recognised tests are the Cambridge Proficiency Exam and the "E.L.T.S." (English Language Testing Service), which is also administered by the British Council. The chances of being accepted for a post-graduate degree or a research programme are probably greater. Indeed a limited number of scholarships are available from the British Council for working graduates who wish to conduct some piece of research at a British university. Alternatives. If the situation at British universities sounds grim, then there are a number of alternatives. Cambridge (which is particularly beautiful in the summer) runs a special summer school programme in a variety of subjects for students over the age of 18. Although these courses don't carry any academic qualifications, they offer you the chance to taste this charming environment. (Contact: Secretary of Extra-Mural Studies, University of Cambridge, Madingley Hall, Madingley, Cambridge CB3 8AQ. Tel: 0044-954-210636). A special summer academy programme is also run by ten other universities throughout Britain. (Contact: The Summer Academy, School of Continuing Education, The University, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NX. Tel: 0044-227-470402).

Sydney University Australia Studying in Australia. Each year, more than 50,000 students from around the world decide to study in Australian educational institutions. This number is increasing as Australia's high educational standards, unique environment and diverse culture have become internationally recognized. Many students are also discovering that Australia is the ideal place to learn English or improve English language skills. This is due not only to the range and quality of the courses available but also to the low costs of these courses as compared to other English-speaking countries. All English courses in Australia must be currently accredited by the National ELICOS Accreditation Scheme (NEAS) and are continually reviewed to see that standards are maintained. English language courses vary in length from one week to one year. Tuition fees generally range from A$ 500 to 700 per week. However, this does not usually include the cost of accommodation. Most colleges will help students locate suitable accommodation for the length of their course, whether it be on the college campus itself or with an Australian family, Studying in Australia can be a rewarding experience in itself, but combining study with travel allows overseas students to experience a new culture and Australia's unique attractions. Many students studying in Australia choose to travel after they have completed their courses, while Sydney University and the University of Santa Lucia are two of the many Australian institutions that host foreign students. Study in Canada as an international student. In Canada, each province and territory is in charge of its own education system. Post-secondary schools are colleges, universities, private career colleges, vocational and technical schools. Each post-secondary school has its own set of rules on how to apply, including the level of English or French you need to be accepted.

A Canadian University If you apply for a study permit and your letter of acceptance is from an institution that is not a designated institution for international students, your application will be refused. Provincial governments may regulate private schools differently for different study programs. Make sure the private school you apply to is included on the designated learning institution (DLI) list. How to apply to a school. Once you choose a school, college or university, you must apply to go there. Every school has different rules on how to apply. Make sure you apply at least 6 months in advance if you want to study at a primary or secondary school, 1 year in advance for a post-secondary program at a university, college, etc. Contact the school where you want to study to learn how to apply. They’ll give you the list of all the documents you need to send them. They’ll also be able to tell you about: the cost to apply, tuition fees, health insurance, rent and how much it costs to live in Canada, language tests. Fill out the application forms for the school or schools of your choice. Follow their instructions to submit them. If the school admits you as a student, they will send you an acceptance letter. You need this letter to apply for a study permit. Canada is one of the affordable countries when it comes to studying abroad. That is why it is a popular choice among students. The cost to study in Canada depends on the program chosen and the location of the university. Technical and medical courses are more expensive than art courses. Surprisingly, business courses are in the middle range. Also, the post-graduate programs are cheaper than undergraduate programs and there is a major difference between the cost for Canadian citizens and immigrants. The cost also varies considerably for out-of-state and in-state residents for Canadian citizens. On average, the tuition and fees for an undergraduate program is C$30,000 per year and for a Post-graduation program is C$20,000 per year for an international student.

International Students On average tuition for international students studying in Canada will depend on the type of program and where you choose to study. Bachelor’s degrees will vary from $7,203 up to $49,800 per year in tuition, while yearly tuition fees for Master’s degrees will cost between $3,222 to $42,850. Apply to study in Canada as an international student, extend your study permit and find out about working while you study or after you graduate. Changes to off-campus work hours. You may be eligible to work more than 20 hours per week off campus under a temporary public policy. Find out if you meet the requirements. If you’re a legal resident in certain countries, you may be eligible to get your study permit faster. If you want to find out more! www.graduateshotline.com World education news and quotes University world education news Education first of all Read the full article

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What is Polytechnic Course in hindi? पॉलिटेक्निक कोर्स क्या है, इसे कैसे करे और इसके फायदें

What is Polytechnic Course in hindi? पॉलिटेक्निक कोर्स क्या है, इसे कैसे करे और इसके फायदें: पॉलिटेक्निक एक विशेष प्रकार का तकनीकी और व्यावसायिक शिक्षा संस्थान होता है। इसमें विभिन्न तकनीकी शिक्षाओं जैसे: Computer Science,. Mechenical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, आदि के कोर्स शामिल होते हैं। यह संस्थान छात्रों को उचित तकनीकी ज्ञान और व्यावसायिक दक्षता प्रदान करता है जो…

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Top 10 Professional Courses after 12th Standered

Indian students consider Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC)/12th as turning point of their lives. Post HSC, students are confronted with multiple choices. Indian colleges and universities offer wide range of courses. Higher studies after 12th standards come in two categories: Bachelor/ Diploma degree profession linked courses.

Degree/ Diploma courses These include Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Science. Archaic Indian education system permits students to opt for these studies provided they have passed HSC exams in corresponding subjects.

For example, students who take science subjects for HSC usually enroll of BSc while those with commerce studies go for B.Com and arts for BA.

Flawed, inexplicable, opaque migration pattern Arts students cannot migrate to science or commerce because they are considered relatively tougher subjects, for reasons best known to concerned authorities. Strangely, science and commerce stream HSC students can migrate to arts for their graduation studies- another fundamental problem in the Indian education system.

Job market compatibility Regardless, BA, B.Com and BSc students face some disadvantage in domestic job market unless they opt for further, employment specific qualifications. These can range from ubiquitous Master of Business Administration to Chartered Accountancy, Microbiology to Social Science. None of these qualifications assure a job; they only negate an inherent disadvantage over counterparts who study profession linked courses.

Read : Top 5 Conventional Professional courses in India Read : Top 20 Courses After 12th Advantage professional courses after 12th Thanks to reforms in India’s education system, higher study courses that prepare students directly for specific professions are available.

Profession linked course, wrongly termed ‘Professional Course’ in India, provide one distinct advantage over undergraduate courses.

They assure basic employment in that specific sector. Employers seek final year students for work, before or immediately after completing the course.

Practicality over perfidiousness Indubitably, a profession linked course is better than regular graduation. Some profession centric courses are perfidious: They deceive students into falsely imagining successful career.

Topmost among profession oriented courses that do not pay well are medicine and engineering. Indian Medical Council estimates over 200,000 qualified physicians countrywide are languishing sans employment.

Medical colleges in India churn out some 50,000 doctors annually. All India Council for Technical Education reports, 60 percent of the one million engineers who graduate every year, go unemployed.

Fatal career decisions Suicide rate among unemployed doctors and engineers is alarming. India has the highest rate of suicides among people aged between 15 and 29 years, with career and unemployment related deaths ranking fairly high. Lack of proper career guidance and career counseling is quoted as reason.

Pressure from parents to study or follow a particular profession is cited as main cause for suicides among students. According to National Crime Records Bureau, a total of 135,445 Indian committed suicide in 2016, including 79,773 men and 40,715 women.

A shocking 40 out of every 100,000 Indians between 15 and 29 commits suicide due to career/ employment issues.

Disclaimer and Important Note SureJob does not endorse or oppose any profession, career, course or educational institute. Higher education and career are strictly the choice of students and their parents.

This article is solely intended to serve as guidelines for work oriented courses. This website and its owners are not liable for damages of any nature arising due to decisions based on this article.

Top 10 Professional Courses After 12th 1) Engineering

By far, engineering remains one of the career oriented conventional professional course in India. All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) states, about one million engineers graduate from government universities, polytechnics and private colleges every year.

Unspecified number of Indian students opt for engineering studies in the US and Australia. An engineering course in India costs anything between Rs. 300,000 to Rs. 1 million, depending upon the institute and branch you are choosing.

Top colleges for engineering are Indian Institute for Technology (IIT), College of Technology, Pune, Visveswaraya Institute of Engineering, Bengaluru and Mumbai based Sardar Patel College of Engineering, Sri Bhagubhai Mafatlal Polytechnic and Virmata Jijabai Technological Institute.

2) Law

The demand for law studies in India remains very high. Universities Grant Commission estimates, some 400,000 students graduate with law degrees every year.

The five year course called Bachelor of Arts and Legum Baccalaureus (LLB) is offered primarily at government colleges in India.

A typical BA, LLB course costs around Rs. 100,000 to Rs. 300,000 depending upon the university. Government Law Colleges across the country affiliated to state-run universities offer the course.

3) Medicine

One of the most attractive course after 12th. Over 55,000 students graduate as doctors every year. These include graduates in Allopathy, Ayurveda, Homeopathy, Unani and dentistry streams of medicine.

Common courses are Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Science (MBBS), Bachelor of Ayurveda Medicine and Science (BAMS), Bachelor of Unani Medicine and Science (BUMS), Bachelor of Homeopathic Medicine and Science (BHMS), Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS).

In some universities, the word ‘science’ is replaced by ‘surgery’. A course in medical studies costs Rs. 300,000 to Rs. 1 million.

Top colleges in India are All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, Grant Medical College, Mumbai, Goa Medical College, Bambolim, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Jamia Milia University, New Delhi, Government Medical College, Puducherry and JIPMER, Jaipur.

Courses in psychiatry are offered by National Institute of Mental Health and Neurological Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore and Institute of Psychiatry and Human Behaviour, Goa.

4) Architecture

An estimated 50,000 students graduate from the five-year Bachelor of Architecture (BArch) course in India every year.

But this figure is ambiguous. Various societies of architectures state, civil engineers also study architecture online or private colleges informally.

An architecture course costs between Rs. 200,000 to Rs. 500,000 depending upon the institute.

Top architecture institutes include JJ School of Architecture, Mumbai, Narsi Monjee College of Management, Mumbai and various state-run universities.

5) Journalism

The boom in advertising as well as print, electronic and digital news media, increase in film production has seen a corresponding rise in number of students opting for media and journalism studies as one of the top course after 12th.

Typical journalism courses are of three years and cost around Rs. 300,000 for a Bachelor of Communication and Journalism or Bachelor of Mass Communication degree.

Top universities in this field Osmania University, Hyderabad, Pune University, St. Xavier Institutes, various locations.

The exact number of journalism graduates remains unknown because the stream is considered part of fine arts and literature studies.

6) Chartered Accountant

The best professional course for higher education is Chartered Accountancy. The three to five year course, depending upon the amount of time taken to complete it, allows flexibility to work and study.

Indeed, it is mandatory to work while studying. CA course and exam is administered by ICAI (Institute of Chartered Accountants of India) and no other college or university is authorized to qualify a person as a CA.

The course costs around Rs. 50,000 only, which is the cheapest for all profession related studies. An estimated 100,000 students enroll for the CA exams but only three percent actually complete this highly complex and competitive course.

7) Internet, web designing, IT

India ranks as the top destination for foreign companies looking to hire IT experts. Over 100,000 students enroll for various IT or web design courses in India.

But this figure is far from accurate since a large number of engineering students also take IT related studies as part of their course.

Bachelor of Computer Science, Bachelor of Computer Management are some of the top IT related courses offered by various colleges and universities.

A typical three-year course costs around Rs. 400,000 to Rs. 1 million, depending upon the college/ university. IIT and various state-run universities are the best for IT studies.

8) Pharmacy

About 25,000 students graduate as pharmacist from various universities in India every year. Pharmacy studies are gaining momentum due to opening of several new and private healthcare facilities across the country.

India’s Food and Drug Administration has also made it mandatory for all large medical companies, distributors and retailers to hire qualified pharmacists, as part of licensing policy.

A pharmacy course- BPharm- is spread over three years and costs about Rs. 100,000 to Rs. 200,000 each. All major state-run universities offer BPharm courses.

9) Nursing

India requires tens of thousands of nurses, paramedics and care-givers annually due to burgeoning healthcare scenarios.

BSc Nursing is an excellent course to study if you possess acumen for caring for humans of all ages and a stomach to witness blood and gore typical to accidents and surgery wards.

Around 20,000 male and female nurses graduate every year from various medical and nursing colleges in India. Topmost among them are Maharashtra Nursing College, Government College of Nursing, Kerala, Goa Nursing College, various hospitals and medicine study institutes and universities.

A BSc Nursing degree costs between Rs. 100,000 and Rs. 300,000.

10) Commercial Pilot

A huge demand for qualified commercial pilots exists in India as the country’s aviation sector witnesses a boom. Flying is also a very lucrative profession after 12th

It offers commercial pilots an opportunity to see the world. Sadly, training institutes for pilots in India are few. Most aspiring commercial pilots are forced to study abroad or join the Indian Armed Forces for training.

A flying course costs whopping Rs.2.5 million and upwards. India requires about 8,000 commercial pilots annually to keep airlines operational. Local flying schools account for less than 1,000 trained pilots.

A bulk of pilots for India’s civil aviation are provided by the Indian Air Force. The only major flying school in India is Government Aviation Training Institute.

Think out of the box The course will define your career option after 12th and future life. Sadly in India, students are plagued by the ‘Me Too’ syndrome.

They join a flock rather than study something offbeat. Below are some excellent courses that offer great careers but are relatively unknown-

Forensic sciences. Agriculture ( including horticulture and floriculture) Marine biology Geology Logistics and warehousing Pyrotechnics Nutrition Food technology Micro Biology Industrial safety and security In conclusion Several key factors are considered by students while enrolling for career oriented professional courses after 12th. In India, the sole decisive factor the tag a student or graduate gets.

Youngsters are more inclined to study for medicine, engineering or IT despite inherent shortcomings of the profession. They choose courses that offer them a tag or label that decides their social status.

Indians go for degrees based on social and matrimonial considerations rather than interest and profitability. Parents do not allow kids to digress from their own archaic beliefs. Great career options are available for all who pass HSC exams.

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All about PFP (N Levels)

Hello everyone! For this post, I’m going to be talking about the Polytechnic Foundation Programme (PFP). This is just a little guide for you if you are aiming for PFP.

I’ve gone through N levels and I managed to get a place in the PFP at one of the Polytechnics in Singapore. I scored an EMB3 of 11 points raw (really risky) and 10 nett with 4 distinctions.

There are only about 1,200 places set every year and yes, it will be really competitive. In my year, it was the dragon baby year. So naturally being that it was the baby bloom year, it was more competitive than ever.

But not to worry! I have some tips and advices for you if that is your goal in mind.

Tips for studying: These are the things I did to prepare for my N Levels. It might or might not work for you.

English - (If you are doing argumatative) Copy and MEMORIZE ALOT of essays. I memorize the essays my teacher wrote and I go online and search for model essays. Search for topics that are more likely to come out. Eg, about technology.

(If you are doing descriptive) Search for phrases to use in essay. Things such as emotions, weather, description of people etc. Read up model essays.

Oral: Think of questions that are likely to come out in each category (eg, family). Some questions that the examiner might ask you are “How do you and your family maintain a close bond?”. “What are the disadvantages and advantages of both parents working?”

This is really similar to writing an essay.

Math - Memorize formulas and do a lot of math practices.

Social Studies - pretty pleaseeee memorize your SBQ Format and SEQ. Ss is all about memorizing (a large part) and understanding. SEQ is your guide to scoring an A. It is really simple. All the answers are already in your textbook and notes. Memorize at least ¾ of your SEQ topics and do not try to guess because this will end up really badly. Remember the format of answering every question because all you need to do is plot them in.

***This is really important: If your teacher gave you SEQ notes, please do compare the notes together with the textbook. DO NOT just study the notes alone as some might be missing from the notes. (An experience of mine)

Experience: Just wanted to share with you my N Level experience while doing my ss paper xD. When everyone flipped open the paper, everyone was really shocked by the topics that came out because of some predictions by my teacher that only 1/3 came out. Lesson learnt. Please study most of your SEQ as it is just a prediction. Do not gamble. N Level is not the time.

Science - For chemistry, memorize everything. Most of the topics are all about memorizing. Understanding is also really important.

For physics, memorize formulas and understand. Practice practice practice!

I didn’t take Bio, so I can’t say for sure >.

Art - Manage your time very wisely. Do not wait until the last minute as the exam date is around the same timing as your other subjects. You have other subjects to study. So try to complete it as early as you can. Any questions that you do not know, please ask your teachers. Share with them your ideas and ask for improvements that can be made. After all, they are your ART teacher. Spam them on WhatsApp ;p (that’s what I did) but please do not constantly 24 hrs message them 😂. But do keep them updated on what you are doing. Ask them before you do something on your artwork.

Chinese - Bleh. I suck.

Advices:

- Purchase TYS as it really does help. It helps you to familiarize the N Level paper structure. There are also a lot of repetitive questions over the past few years.

- If you are eligible for PFP, you ONLY get to choose up to 5 choices which is VERY limited, so choose them wisely.

- If you are aiming for popular courses eg, business, do aim for as low as 6-8 raw as it is very competitive.

- CCA is really important. Deducting 1 or 2 points can make a HUGE difference. It increases your chance of getting into your desired course.

- Try to get your EMB3 subjects all above or equal to B3. Once any subject gets below B3, regardless of getting 8 raw, you are no longer eligible.

- STAY OUT OF DRAMA! Secondary school dramas are the worse.

- It is all about sacrificing the things you love to do for that year. Just for that year and you can enjoy not stressing over O levels ;p.

- Do not wait for EOY exams to start studying. Start at the start of the year so that you can easily grasp concepts.

That is all! I hope these tips and advices will help you. These are all my opinions and might or might not work out for you. The reason I wanted to share with you was that when I was in my N Level year, i was constantly researching about pfp/tips and there are only a few. So since I managed to get into the programme, this is me sharing with you to help out with the people who are aiming for PFP.

If you have any questions, feel free to comment or you can email me @ thisislynnehere@gmail.com. I will try my best to answer them all!

All the best for your N Levels!

[jobsnhomes1]

Top 10 Professional Courses after 12th Standered

Indian students consider Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC)/12th as turning point of their lives. Post HSC, students are confronted with multiple choices. Indian colleges and universities offer wide range of courses.

Higher studies after 12th standards come in two categories: Bachelor/ Diploma degree profession linked courses.

Degree/ Diploma courses These include Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Science. Archaic Indian education system permits students to opt for these studies provided they have passed HSC exams in corresponding subjects.

For example, students who take science subjects for HSC usually enroll of BSc while those with commerce studies go for B.Com and arts for BA.

Flawed, inexplicable, opaque migration pattern Arts students cannot migrate to science or commerce because they are considered relatively tougher subjects, for reasons best known to concerned authorities. Strangely, science and commerce stream HSC students can migrate to arts for their graduation studies- another fundamental problem in the Indian education system.

Job market compatibility Regardless, BA, B.Com and BSc students face some disadvantage in domestic job market unless they opt for further, employment specific qualifications. These can range from ubiquitous Master of Business Administration to Chartered Accountancy, Microbiology to Social Science.

None of these qualifications assure a job; they only negate an inherent disadvantage over counterparts who study profession linked courses.

Read : Top 5 Conventional Professional courses in India Read : Top 20 Courses After 12th Advantage professional courses after 12th Thanks to reforms in India’s education system, higher study courses that prepare students directly for specific professions are available.

Profession linked course, wrongly termed ‘Professional Course’ in India, provide one distinct advantage over undergraduate courses.

They assure basic employment in that specific sector. Employers seek final year students for work, before or immediately after completing the course.

Practicality over perfidiousness Indubitably, a profession linked course is better than regular graduation. Some profession centric courses are perfidious: They deceive students into falsely imagining successful career.

Topmost among profession oriented courses that do not pay well are medicine and engineering. Indian Medical Council estimates over 200,000 qualified physicians countrywide are languishing sans employment.

Medical colleges in India churn out some 50,000 doctors annually. All India Council for Technical Education reports, 60 percent of the one million engineers who graduate every year, go unemployed.

Fatal career decisions Suicide rate among unemployed doctors and engineers is alarming. India has the highest rate of suicides among people aged between 15 and 29 years, with career and unemployment related deaths ranking fairly high. Lack of proper career guidance and career counseling is quoted as reason.

Pressure from parents to study or follow a particular profession is cited as main cause for suicides among students. According to National Crime Records Bureau, a total of 135,445 Indian committed suicide in 2016, including 79,773 men and 40,715 women.

A shocking 40 out of every 100,000 Indians between 15 and 29 commits suicide due to career/ employment issues.

Disclaimer and Important Note SureJob does not endorse or oppose any profession, career, course or educational institute. Higher education and career are strictly the choice of students and their parents.

This article is solely intended to serve as guidelines for work oriented courses. This website and its owners are not liable for damages of any nature arising due to decisions based on this article.

Top 10 Professional Courses After 12th

1) Engineering

By far, engineering remains one of the career oriented conventional professional course in India. All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) states, about one million engineers graduate from government universities, polytechnics and private colleges every year.

Unspecified number of Indian students opt for engineering studies in the US and Australia. An engineering course in India costs anything between Rs. 300,000 to Rs. 1 million, depending upon the institute and branch you are choosing.

Top colleges for engineering are Indian Institute for Technology (IIT), College of Technology, Pune, Visveswaraya Institute of Engineering, Bengaluru and Mumbai based Sardar Patel College of Engineering, Sri Bhagubhai Mafatlal Polytechnic and Virmata Jijabai Technological Institute.

2) Law

The demand for law studies in India remains very high. Universities Grant Commission estimates, some 400,000 students graduate with law degrees every year.

The five year course called Bachelor of Arts and Legum Baccalaureus (LLB) is offered primarily at government colleges in India.

A typical BA, LLB course costs around Rs. 100,000 to Rs. 300,000 depending upon the university. Government Law Colleges across the country affiliated to state-run universities offer the course.

3) Medicine

One of the most attractive course after 12th. Over 55,000 students graduate as doctors every year. These include graduates in Allopathy, Ayurveda, Homeopathy, Unani and dentistry streams of medicine.

Common courses are Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Science (MBBS), Bachelor of Ayurveda Medicine and Science (BAMS), Bachelor of Unani Medicine and Science (BUMS), Bachelor of Homeopathic Medicine and Science (BHMS), Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS).

In some universities, the word ‘science’ is replaced by ‘surgery’. A course in medical studies costs Rs. 300,000 to Rs. 1 million.

Top colleges in India are All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, Grant Medical College, Mumbai, Goa Medical College, Bambolim, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Jamia Milia University, New Delhi, Government Medical College, Puducherry and JIPMER, Jaipur.

Courses in psychiatry are offered by National Institute of Mental Health and Neurological Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore and Institute of Psychiatry and Human Behaviour, Goa.

4) Architecture

An estimated 50,000 students graduate from the five-year Bachelor of Architecture (BArch) course in India every year.

But this figure is ambiguous. Various societies of architectures state, civil engineers also study architecture online or private colleges informally.

An architecture course costs between Rs. 200,000 to Rs. 500,000 depending upon the institute.

Top architecture institutes include JJ School of Architecture, Mumbai, Narsi Monjee College of Management, Mumbai and various state-run universities.

5) Journalism

The boom in advertising as well as print, electronic and digital news media, increase in film production has seen a corresponding rise in number of students opting for media and journalism studies as one of the top course after 12th.

Typical journalism courses are of three years and cost around Rs. 300,000 for a Bachelor of Communication and Journalism or Bachelor of Mass Communication degree.

Top universities in this field Osmania University, Hyderabad, Pune University, St. Xavier Institutes, various locations.

The exact number of journalism graduates remains unknown because the stream is considered part of fine arts and literature studies.

6) Chartered Accountant

The best professional course for higher education is Chartered Accountancy. The three to five year course, depending upon the amount of time taken to complete it, allows flexibility to work and study.

Indeed, it is mandatory to work while studying. CA course and exam is administered by ICAI (Institute of Chartered Accountants of India) and no other college or university is authorized to qualify a person as a CA.

The course costs around Rs. 50,000 only, which is the cheapest for all profession related studies. An estimated 100,000 students enroll for the CA exams but only three percent actually complete this highly complex and competitive course.

7) Internet, web designing, IT

India ranks as the top destination for foreign companies looking to hire IT experts. Over 100,000 students enroll for various IT or web design courses in India.

But this figure is far from accurate since a large number of engineering students also take IT related studies as part of their course.

Bachelor of Computer Science, Bachelor of Computer Management are some of the top IT related courses offered by various colleges and universities.

A typical three-year course costs around Rs. 400,000 to Rs. 1 million, depending upon the college/ university. IIT and various state-run universities are the best for IT studies.

8) Pharmacy

About 25,000 students graduate as pharmacist from various universities in India every year. Pharmacy studies are gaining momentum due to opening of several new and private healthcare facilities across the country.

India’s Food and Drug Administration has also made it mandatory for all large medical companies, distributors and retailers to hire qualified pharmacists, as part of licensing policy.

A pharmacy course- BPharm- is spread over three years and costs about Rs. 100,000 to Rs. 200,000 each. All major state-run universities offer BPharm courses.

9) Nursing

India requires tens of thousands of nurses, paramedics and care-givers annually due to burgeoning healthcare scenarios.

BSc Nursing is an excellent course to study if you possess acumen for caring for humans of all ages and a stomach to witness blood and gore typical to accidents and surgery wards.

Around 20,000 male and female nurses graduate every year from various medical and nursing colleges in India. Topmost among them are Maharashtra Nursing College, Government College of Nursing, Kerala, Goa Nursing College, various hospitals and medicine study institutes and universities.

A BSc Nursing degree costs between Rs. 100,000 and Rs. 300,000.

10) Commercial Pilot

A huge demand for qualified commercial pilots exists in India as the country’s aviation sector witnesses a boom. Flying is also a very lucrative profession after 12th

It offers commercial pilots an opportunity to see the world. Sadly, training institutes for pilots in India are few. Most aspiring commercial pilots are forced to study abroad or join the Indian Armed Forces for training.

A flying course costs whopping Rs.2.5 million and upwards. India requires about 8,000 commercial pilots annually to keep airlines operational. Local flying schools account for less than 1,000 trained pilots.

A bulk of pilots for India’s civil aviation are provided by the Indian Air Force. The only major flying school in India is Government Aviation Training Institute.

Think out of the box The course will define your career option after 12th and future life. Sadly in India, students are plagued by the ‘Me Too’ syndrome.

They join a flock rather than study something offbeat. Below are some excellent courses that offer great careers but are relatively unknown-

Forensic sciences. Agriculture ( including horticulture and floriculture) Marine biology Geology Logistics and warehousing Pyrotechnics Nutrition Food technology Micro Biology Industrial safety and security In conclusion Several key factors are considered by students while enrolling for career oriented professional courses after 12th. In India, the sole decisive factor the tag a student or graduate gets.

Youngsters are more inclined to study for medicine, engineering or IT despite inherent shortcomings of the profession. They choose courses that offer them a tag or label that decides their social status.

Indians go for degrees based on social and matrimonial considerations rather than interest and profitability. Parents do not allow kids to digress from their own archaic beliefs. Great career options are available for all who pass HSC exams.

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